INFORMATION

KEY POINTS

ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACEIS) ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTORS BLOCKERS (ARBS)
  • ACEIs are first line treatment for NYHA classes I - IV
  • ARBs are considered second line agents when an ACEI is not tolerated secondary to a cough and rarely angioedema
  • Cough should be assessed and clearly documented prior to initiation of ACEI
  • If cough is determined to be secondary to ACEI use ( e.g. resolves upon discontinuation or recurs on re-challenge), and is bothersome enough to warrant reassessment of therapy, it should be documented
  • If titration of dose is limited by hypotension:
    • - Reassess diuretic use
    • - Consider staggering dosing with other vasoactive agents or dosing at bedtime
  • Compliance is increased with once daily strategy
  • Given that the main side effects of ACEIs and ARBs are renal dysfunction and hyperkalemia, assessment of other medications and factors that precipitate these effects are warranted:
    • 1. Renal dysfunction: NSAIDs and COX - 2 inhibitors.
    • 2. Hyperkalemia: combination therapy, spironolactone, potassium supplements, potassium-sparing diuretics (triazide, dyazide, triamterene, amiloride), salt substitutes (No Salts, Half Salt), dietary K+.